Subaru’s reputation and popularity has been built on the backs of conservative wagons, from the DL/GL/Leone wagons of the 1970s to the Foresters of today. Long before the Impreza WR-X debuted, that was pretty much all Subaru made: conservative wagons, with conservative sedan counterparts and the occasional conservative hatchback. And then, like a spaceship, the Subaru XT (aka Vortex and Alcyone) landed in Subaru showrooms.
The XT immediately challenged consumers’ perceptions on just what a Subaru was while simultaneously offering Subaru’s signature feature: four-wheel-drive. Subaru’s forward-thinking embrace of four-wheel-drive technology was in full swing by the time of the XT’s launch so, because of this and the XT’s Leone underpinnings, four-wheel-drive was optional. At launch, this was a part-time, push-button system activated by a button atop the pistol-grip shifter.
Unlike the Leone, the XT’s styling was utterly dramatic. Subaru claimed a drag coefficient of 0.29 and there were plenty of visible exterior touches that contributed to this, like flush “aircraft-style” door handles and a single-blade front wiper. Even though almost every Japanese automaker had a coupe with a sloping front end and pop-up headlights, the XT looked like nothing else. You either loved it or you hated it but, either way, you noticed it and that’s exactly what Subaru wanted.
The interior was as extroverted as the exterior. Beyond the slick, pistol-grip shifter, there was some lurid upholstery (toned down in later years) and steering column-mounted “pod” controls. On the left-hand side of the steering wheel were the controls for the wiper, washer and ventilation while on the right were switches for the lights and the rear demister. This set-up certainly took some getting used to but it was distinctive.
Even more novel was the digital instrumentation available in turbocharged models. Although often hard to see in the daytime, this “artificial horizon”, orange-backlit, liquid crystal display was probably the wildest digital instrumentation of the 1980s.
Though the XT shared much with the Leone range, including the same 97-inch wheelbase and track, there were some mechanical changes. The strut-front/semi trailing arm-rear suspension had a electro-pneumatic self-levelling system that adjusted by up to 1.2 inches at the front and 1.4 inches at the rear. Four-wheel disc brakes were also standard. The XT was also available with electro-hydraulic steering which used an electronically-controlled pump to provide the hydraulic pressure for the steering’s power assistance.
Initially, there were two engines offered, both fuel-injected, single overhead-cam units borrowed from the Leone range. Entry-level models came with a naturally-aspirated 1.8 flat-four with 94 hp and 101 ft-lbs. There was also a turbocharged version with 110 hp and 134 ft-lbs. The base engine’s power and torque figures were fairly competitive with rival coupes but the turbocharged model disappointed those who expected racy performance to match the wild looks and the turbo decals.
The turbo helped smooth out some of the harsh sounds coming from Subaru’s flat four, which could get rather noisy. Lag was relatively minimal, fortunately, considering how little the turbocharger actually added in power. Alas, the optional four-wheel-drive system added a bit of weight. Turbocharged 4WD XTs hit the scales at 2678 pounds, around 220 lbs heavier than a Celica or Prelude.
The Australian market saw Subaru’s new coupe use the Vortex name, exactly the kind of righteous nameplate a, like, totally radical 80s design like this deserved. Really, “XT”, Subaru North America? Ugh, gag me with a spoon.
Aussie journalists weren’t exactly endeared to this tubular new coupe, however. Leading magazine Wheels tested the 4WD Turbo and had this to say:
“Fun’s something the Subaru isn’t… It handles and corners well enough in a mildly understeer-y way that’s absolutely predictable and unemotionally dour.”
That seemed to be a common refrain, regardless of a review’s country of origin. Perhaps Subaru overcompensated. Just look at the competition. The first front-wheel-drive Celica was a huge improvement over its predecessor and a game-changer. The Prelude, even in Si guise, was left wanting in terms of power but its slick dynamics still made it a highly desirable choice. In a 1988 comparison, Wheels placed the 4WD Turbo 4th in a four-car comparison test, ranking it below the Celica, Prelude and Mazda MX-6. The reviewers argued it simply didn’t do anything brilliantly but for its dirt road handling where it “[revelled] in being driven with tail-sliding èlan”. Alas, the Subaru just didn’t feel sporty, from its propensity towards understeer to its overly light steering.
At least the XT had a superb short-throw shifter and generally quite comfortable ride quality. Though the 4WD system didn’t eliminate understeer, it removed torque steer and improved grip.
Competition in this part of the market was brutal. Let’s take a look at the US market in 1987, for example.
| Model | Base MSRP with manual | Power | Torque |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subaru XT DL | $9,593 | 94 hp at 5200 rpm | 101 ft-lbs at 2800 rpm |
| Dodge Daytona | $9,013 | 100 hp at 4800 rpm | 136 ft-lbs at 2800 rpm |
| Honda Prelude 1.8 | $11,995 | 100 hp at 5500 rpm | 107 ft-lbs at 4000 rpm |
| Isuzu Impulse | $12,059 | 90 hp at 5000 rpm | 108 ft-lbs at 3000 rpm |
| Nissan 200SX XE (notchback) | $10,849 | 102 hp at 5200 rpm | 116 ft-lbs at 3200 rpm |
| Pontiac Fiero | $8,299 | 98 hp at 4800 rpm | 135 ft-lbs at 3200 rpm |
| Toyota Celica ST | $10,598 | 115 hp at 5200 rpm | 124 ft-lbs at 4400 rpm |
The field of talent was even more impressive when you looked at up-level variants of sport coupes, typically featuring turbocharged four-cylinder engines like the XT GL-10 Turbo. At this price point, there were also larger coupes available like the Chrysler Conquest and Mazda RX-7.
| Model | Base MSRP | Power | Torque |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subaru XT GL-10 Turbo | $14,573 | 110 hp at 4800 rpm | 134 ft-lbs at 2800 rpm |
| Subaru XT GL-10 Turbo 4WD | $15,648 | 110 hp at 4800 rpm | 134 ft-lbs at 2800 rpm |
| Chrysler Conquest | $14,417 | 145 hp at 5000 rpm | 185 ft-lbs at 2200 rpm |
| Dodge Daytona Turbo Z | $11,301 | 146 hp at 5200 rpm | 170 ft-lbs at 3600 rpm |
| Honda Prelude 2.0 Si | $14,945 | 110 hp at 5500 rpm | 114 ft-lbs at 4500 rpm |
| Isuzu Impulse Turbo | $14,439 | 140 hp at 5400 rpm | 166 ft-lbs at 3000 rpm |
| Mazda RX-7 | $14,199 | 146 hp at 6500 rpm | 138 ft-lbs at 3500 rpm |
| Mitsubishi Starion | $15,469 | 145 hp at 5000 rpm | 185 ft-lbs at 2200 rpm |
| Nissan 200SX SE V6 | $14,499 | 160 hp at 5200 rpm | 174 ft-lbs at 4000 rpm |
| Pontiac Fiero GT | $13,489 | 135 hp at 4400 rpm | 165 ft-lbs at 3600 rpm |
| Toyota Celica GT-S | $13,978 | 135 hp at 6000 rpm | 125 ft-lbs at 4800 rpm |
That’s some tough competition, and that’s excluding similarly-priced but less showy quasi-rivals like the Acura Integra and Mazda 626 turbo coupe and cheaper domestic fare like the Buick Skyhawk turbo. And though they were unlikely to be cross-shopped, the Ford Mustang, Chevrolet Camaro and Pontiac Firebird – even in range-topping trim with V8s under their hoods – undercut the most expensive of XTs. If the Celica didn’t appeal to you, Toyota also had the rear-wheel-drive Corolla Sport and mid-engine MR-2. And arguably these weren’t even the glory days of affordable coupes yet, that era arriving a few years later in the 1990s. Even in turbo guise, the XT wasn’t especially powerful while many rivals were more fun-to-drive. In markets like the UK where an Audi Coupe Quattro was only a couple thousand pounds more expensive, it was game over for the Subaru.
Subaru responded to cries for more power by introducing the XT6 in 1988. This used Subaru’s first six-cylinder engine, making the XT6 the first Subaru to exceed Japanese government engine displacement regulations and therefore be classified as a luxury car. The 2.7 flat-six was a direct extension of the regular XT four, with identical bore and stroke measurements but a 50% increase in displacement. The power peak was reached at the same 5200 rpm but horsepower was up to 145 hp and 156 ft-lbs. The XT6 was available in both FWD and 4WD, although Japanese buyers could only get the 4WD (as the Alcyone VX). Aussie buyers got neither – sadly, XT sales had proved so disappointing in Australia that despite promising to import the XT6, Subaru Australia just let the whole line quietly die.
The XT6 had numerous suspension tweaks and used Subaru’s first four-speed automatic, though a five-speed manual remained standard. The XT6 also heralded the introduction of anti-lock brakes and full-time four-wheel-drive to the XT line, though four-cylinder models kept the selectable part-time system. In the US market, the XT6 replaced the XT Turbo entirely, though the turbo lived on in other markets with the new 4WD system. The XT6 had more power, sounded better, and had a more sophisticated 4WD system. It was heavier still, however, and recorded 0-60 times don’t seem markedly better than the four-bangers – around 9 seconds, compared to just over 10 for the Turbo 4WD and over 12 for the naturally-aspirated model. European critics were able to get similar times from the new permanent 4WD Turbo model as their American counterparts could from the XT6 4WD, which was a bit disappointing considering the gulf in power and torque. Even the extra power didn’t earn the XT6 plaudits from the automotive press. Motorweek, for example, said they appreciated the extra power but it didn’t turn the Subaru into a sports car.
The Subaru may have had 4WD as a unique selling point in its segment – at least for a few years – but it wasn’t the most exciting car to drive and its fashion forward styling quickly became passé. Sales were disappointing, too. Besides being a flop in Australia, only 8,170 of the 98,918 XTs produced between 1985 and 1991 were sold in Japan.
Think of the XT as a Leone in a sharper suit and it impresses, even if its styling was flash-in-the-pan. Alas, as a holistic sports coupe experience, the Subaru simply wasn’t as satisfying as the front-wheel-drive Celica or Prelude. But did they look this radical?
Related Reading:
Curbside Classic: 1992-97 Subaru SVX – A Tasty Surprise
Curbside Classic: 1983-1987 Honda Prelude – New Priorities
Curbside Classic: 1988 Toyota Celica GT – Oh What A Feeling!
Note: a rerun of an older post.
I’ve always been fascinated by the styling of these cars: almost French in their eccentricity, a kind of Japanese Citroën.
Given the later success of the Subaru WRX and AWD Mitsubishi turbo cars, the mechanicals feel like a missed opportunity.
Proof that aerodynamics doesn’t have to mean jellybean styling; that 0.29 Cd remains impressive even today.
I’ve read Subaru engineers wanted a faster backlight for optimal aerodynamics, whereas stylists wanted a more formal upright coupe profile, so they experimented with wind tunnel models having various roof profiles until they arrived at this, the most upright rear window that didn’t sacrifice anything in drag vs. a full fastback.
If you look closely, you can even see a bit of teardrop taper in the rear half of the greenhouse, starting slightly along the rear quarter windows and then getting more radical into the wraparound corners of the backlight.
Yup, they found that the most upright backlight angle they could use without increasing Cd was 28 degrees, so they went with that.
Back in 1985 my folks were looking at a 2nd car to get us through the winter. The first year in our new place in BFE was no match for a 67 Cadillac Calais. We had already gotten a beater 77 Wagoneer, but were looking for something newer too. We went to the local Subaru dealer near the end of the day. Must have interrupted his dinner, because in the back was a ham melt and a piece of mincemeat pie on the table. The guy kinda reminded me of Joe Puerta of Ambrosia. Anyway, he let us take a new XT home for the night. My 8-9 year old self thought it was the coolest thing. The shape. The dash, how it lit up in the dark when you pushed the button for 4WD. But they took it back while I was at school the next day. Looking back I can definitely see how it wasn’t practical in the long run for a growing family of 4.
I have not seen one for years. I do not regard that as an unfortunate thing, unlike the Subaru itself.
It was not possible to take the Vortex seriously against something like the FWD Celica, which had not only famously grand handling but also a 7500 rpm sparkler of an engine. And really, really pretty looks, to this day.
Subaru’s styling always had a certain oddness up to and including the first Liberty (Legacy). Some of such appealed to me in a bit that quirky-French way, but not this car.
Perhaps it fell through some vortex from another time and place, one from which it is to be hoped we shall never return.
I know they didnt sell well but I keep seeing a silver Vortex so theres a survivor locally a turbo on the Leone engine does almost nothing for the power or lack of it, the understeer stay put but you can maintain a good pace on gravel if you scandi flick them into a bend and just keep the power on, its still not really fast but it is fun.
Can’t cover the XT without at least mentioning the TV commercial.
“I thought we agreed you’d buy a Subaru.”
“But Dad… I did!”