Here’s another bus you would have likely have seen or ridden in if you were spending time in any large North American metropolitan area in the decades of the 1950s and ’60s, especially those in the US Midwest. It’s a Flxible Twin Coach FT series urban transit coach.
Before there was a “Flxible – Twin Coach” there was a “Fageol – Twin Coach” – a company that manufactured buses, trucks and marine engines – and was founded by the innovative Fageol brothers after they left American Car and Foundry (ACF) in 1927. Why Twin Coach? Because one of the first models they introduced in 1929 was a dual-engined transit bus. It had two Waukesha six cylinder gas engines, one on each side located about mid-way between front and rear. This design offered more power and increased interior space over then current front- or rear-engined models.
With more powerful and improved engines available post-war, the company introduced a new single-engined design to compete with GM and other urban transit bus manufacturers. It was designated the S-series, and came in sizes seating 34, 38, 41, 44, and 50 passengers. It was 96 in. wide and varied in length from 29 to 38 ft.
While GM had its innovative airbag suspension and others were still using steel springs, Twin Coach used BF Goodrich’s “Torsilastic” torsion bar setup – later a staple on Eagle coaches and their European predecessors.
While engines from different manufacturers could be ordered, most came with an in-house gas or propane fueled Fageol FTC, a 404 cubic inch inline OHV six that put out 180 hp and 379 ft lbs of torque (gas version).
Lacking a diesel engine to compete with GM, Twin Coach partnered with Leyland and produced a version of Leyland’s diesel. Engines were located underfloor amidships and were all longitudinal “laydown” designs.
Twin Coach was also a major producer of electric trolley buses.
A few also made it to Europe.
In 1953, Fageol sold the bus portion of the business to Flxible, who at that time did not have a transit model. Flxible kept the design with few modifications, but renamed it the FT series (Flxible Transit). They also kept the protruding six-pane front windshield design, which would become a Flxible transit bus trademark.
One articulated demonstrator that seated 55 was built, but unfortunately found no buyers – you can see the rear wheel steering in action in the photo above.
Fortunately it has survived and resides at the Seashore Trolley Museum in Maine, awaiting restoration.
Flxible kept the design in production until 1959, though sales steadily declined throughout the 1950’s. One city that was a loyal Twin Coach customer was Chicago who maintained a large Twin fleet, until finally succumbing to the GM juggernaut. In this photo you can just make out the Flxible logo on the front below the windshield which was placed on top of the Twin Coach badge. This bus is also a 102 inch wide model, introduced in 1952.
By 1961, Flxible had its “New Look” model ready for the market and the Twin Coach name was laid to rest…
Well built, a few of these Twin Coaches were still in regular service in the mid-’70s.
That last photo – in TTC (Toronto Transit Commission) livery – I don’t ever recall seeing one of these in Toronto. That photo would have been taken downtown somewhere, on its way to Eaton’s department store. Great photo.
The top photo – is that the Wrigley building in the background behind the green bus? Excellent writeup!
The Toronto picture was taken looking west on Albert St. at James St. The Salvation Army building was demolished in 1995 to make way for an expansion of the Eaton Centre. The large building in the background is the Eaton’s Annex, which burned in 1977. Old City Hall is just out of view on the left.
Moparlee,
As far as I can tell this photo was taken on Upper Wacker Drive. You can see the Wrigley and Tribune buildings, and you can see the sign for “Lincoln Tower” which would be slightly up Wacker from the other 2 buildings.
Here’s the best I could get in Google Street View. The Lincoln Tower is to the right- there is a red car parked in front. Obviously it’s got some new neighbors since the top picture was taken.
(I’m also guessing this was a CTA or manufacturer promo picture, because to the best of my knowledge the Halsted bus route did not go downtown- Halsted Street is about a mile west of where this photo was taken.)
the twin coach fageols ran in toronto till dec 1969
Neat, this is full of good stuff. TTC bus and the KLM Constellation.
How do you pronounce Fageol, is it Fay-ghall or Fah-Gee-All, or ???
Bus guys stay tuned, I’ll need your help later today…
Styling certainly looks to be half a generation ahead of the GM Old Look. That happened again with the Flxible/New Flyer bus in the ’80s.
Forward visibility looks better too, despite it being bisected by a horizontal bar
Another terrific chapter in the Bus Stop Classics.
The clutch and transmission linkages for the two drive trains in the original twin Coach patent drawing look like they would make for easy shifting. 🙂
I can’t help it, but I always have to dig deeper when I see something like that bus with the KLM planes…
Till 1958 Maarse & Kroon, the bus company (defunct since 1973), had 10 gasoline powered Twin Coaches. They were sold to another Dutch company and eventually all of them were dismantled.
But here’s a restored diesel powered Twin Coach, wearing the old Maarse & Kroon color scheme. Imported from Switzerland, many years ago. The former owner was the Verkehrsbetriebe der Stadt Luzern…that’s right, the owner of the blue and white bus in the picture below the image with the Maarse & Kroon bus and the KLM planes…
http://www.sva-museumbussen.nl/1948-twin-coach/
The illustrated San Francisco Muni Fageol Twin Coach electric trolley bus was photographed on North Point Street at Van Ness Avenue. In the background is Galileo High School, where my late father graduated. A proposal was floated to name the football field, which in the photo is between the street and the school building, for Galileo’s most well-known graduate, but it sank when O. J. Simpson began his meteoric descent to infamy.
The Fageols were good riding. The contemporary Marmon-Herringtons and St. Louis Car trolley buses rode roughy, joltingly. The Fageols were soft and quieter…credit their unique suspension?
Muni kept particular types of trolley buses on certain major routes most of the time…the Marmons were on the 41 Union-Howard, probably the City’s longest. 47-Potrero and 14-Mission ran with St. Louis Car. Some of this had to do with assignment of certain classes to particular maintenance bases. The Fageols ran on the 30-Stockton as shown, and the 5-McAllister.
This posting brings back great memories of my years in Chicago. My office had a great view of The Wrigley Building and one of my clients was located there – it’s beautiful on the inside too! For several years, I would generally ride the bus while my Opel sat rusting away on the street or alley near my apartment. During my time on the job there, I usually got to ride on a GM fishbowl or a Flixible New Look on my way to work and after work I would walk across the Loop and catch the Ravenswood train back home. I always got a seat that way! I’ll never forget the one time the CTA went on strike and I had to take the Chicago and Northwestern. Train was so crowded, the conductor wasn’t able to collect the fares. My boss was really happy I made it to work that day and I had some extra beer money too. Those days, I drank “fire- brewed” Strohs. Can’t find that anymore. I count The Wrigley Building in three of the above photos.
My local bar here in Chicago still carries Strohs. If you ever find yourself back here you can still get one. 🙂
My city has a Twin Coach in their historical fleet. These were popular in Canada.
I remember riding Twin Coaches home from high school the first couple years. Slow but reliable. When it would rain Phoenix Transit would bust out GM Old Looks; our driver told me the Twins tended to short out on wet roads. Thinking about it now, this seems odd seeing that they were common in Chicago and other cities with actual weather.
Thanks Jim for this look back. I’m enjoying your bus series.
When I started work at BC Hydro in Vancouver in 1975 in the Maintenance Dept. they still had about 6 Fageol Twins in rush hour only service. They were a beautiful driving bus, very light steering and a smooth ride. Better than the newer New Look GM’s. Good luck figuring what all the toggle switches on the side dash were for!
I worked on those for CTA yes they had a ton of toggle switches mostly for the interior lights broke down into sections , the new Flxibles had fluorescent lights and only had two sections so two switches , ,
Nice picture of the AC Transit BART express bus-I always thought that was a good way to extend their service out into the country (so to speak,) and make the BART brand even more visible to taxpayers who didn’t live close to the tracks so they could see what they were paying for, too. (Unfortunately, my home county voted no on BART, so we San Joseans had to use a single County Transit line that poked its way along up to Fremont.)
I was wondering about that – the AC Transit is usually in the colors of the buses in the background of that shot – The blue is obviously the BART theme with the AC logo/colors relegated to the front of the bus.
That pic was 1981, so how did that work? Did the BART Express bus end up being a line extension to points north and south or did it go east as well into Contra Costa County? I can’t recall when the various extensions were added on not being in that area until a decade later….
From what I remember, they mostly went into eastern CC County from the Walnut Creek and Concord stations and possibly into the Livermore Valley from the Hayward Station (I think;) the original Richmond-Fremont and Concord lines were able to take care of most of the north-south business.
I never fully appreciated what an industrial powerhouse NE OH was while growing up there. This 1955 story touches on a bit of everything; GM unwilling to sell bus engines to Flxible; US Gov’t taking an interest; Fageol in Kent saying he couldn’t compete in the bus business, etc.
I have never seen these in St. Louis, just lots of old GM buses and Flxible New Look coaches. When those came out, they were really futuristic looking, space age almost!
The Leyland connection is one I was never aware of and explains why they sold in Europe. I have to say that to my eyes they have a European air about them – take away the typical US “bling” and they could be the products of a Dutch or Belgian coach builder.
I assume by “bling” you mean the corrugated trim. This was imitating the stainless-steel streamline style commencing with the Pioneer Zephyr back in the ’30s.
Correct, that’s what I meant. There were some European designs with similar add-ons but those were the exceptions to the norm.
The Twin Coach was used in Edmonton and many were propane powered. If you sat at the back of the bus that was very evident to the nostrils. At least one has been preserved as part of the ETS historical collection.
Seattle had at least two fleets of first generation Twins. 100 Fageol Twins from ‘47-‘48 and 5 Flxible Twins from 1954. I rode the Twins as a boy and later, drove them as an employee. In 1963, Seattle Transit bought 100 “new look” Flxibles. Though only powered by 6 cyl. engines, they were smooth riding and I enjoyed them. Later drove new looks in Los Angeles.
I remember reading somewhere that the FTC 404 engine was a proprietary Fageol design but was manufactured for Twin Coach by Hercules. The FTC was used in all the Chicago Transit Authority propane fueled Twins and as well as a number of Flexible ‘New Looks’. CTA abandoned propane at least in part because they could no longer obtain parts for the FTC engines.
CTA had an interesting coach that was a Twin with a ‘New Look’ nose on it:
https://www.flickr.com/photos/chi-townbuses/36971428734/
CTA purchased 500 51-seat propane Fageol Twins in 1950-51, then 800 50-seat propane Flxible Twins from 1953 to 1958. Then in 1959 they purchased 100 35 ft. 44-seat propane Flxible Twins. But the last one, #8499, was made as a 40 ft. diesel powered demonstrator with the new-look nose. They experimented with various diesel and propane engines, but ultimately ended up with a GM diesel engine. Interestingly, CTA has retained #8499 as a historical bus.
The articulated Twin demonstrator you have pictured was converted to a trolleybus in 1948 and was leased to Chicago Transit Authority who later purchased it in 1956. This unit has been preserved at Illinois Railway Museum. The unit you have pictured of the orange and white scheme articulated Twin was one of 20 units that were produced for Omaha, Nebraska, and for quite some time was on display at The National Museum of Transportation near St. Louis before being moved to Seashore Trolley Museum.