Curbside Classic – 1991 Alfa Romeo 75 3.0 V6 (Milano): The Last Fling Of The Real Alfa?

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In 1984, Alfa supplanted the Alfetta and, effectively though officially it remained in production, the Alfa 6 with the Alfa Romeo 90. This was a combination of the Alfetta’s floorpan, inner body structure,  suspension and rear mounted gearbox and either the four cylinder engine in 1.8 or 2.0 litre form or the Busso V6. The 2.5 litre V6 was the only choice for several markets, with the 2.0 litre V6 being an Italian tax special and the four cylinder cars being limited to certain markets. There was 2.4 litre VM diesel again, too. The 90 was aiming at a spot above the Alfetta, whilst the Giulietta covered the up to 2.0 litre position.

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The styling was a rather awkward combination of Alfetta hardpoints and flat roof with more contemporary Bertone shaped front and rear ends, albeit in a very blocky (dare I say Volvo 760 alike?) way. It was four inches longer than the older car, mostly at the front with another longer nose. The interior was quite something too.

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The instruments were electronic, with the speed and engine revs being shown progressively by green LEDs marching up inclined scales and the minor gauges as bars. There was also a digital speedometer, which Motor noted didn’t always match the LEDs. You can’t argue with that steering wheel though.

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Quite a contrast to the GTV interior, especially when you add in the luxury emphasising trim and the removable and fully usable briefcase embedded where you might have expected a glovebox.

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The car had the novelty of an automatically adjusting chin spoiler, which retracted as speed reduced; inside there was a full length roof console housing electric window switches and luxury style rather than sports trim and upholstery.

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To drive, this car was like a softer Alfetta, rather than the tighter, taut Giulietta. It was clearly aiming at the Peugeot 604 and Lancia Thema, not the BMW 525. You could think of it as being like the Rover 800 after the SD1 if you wish.

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Motor was not fully convinced though. An appealing car, with that engine and good driving characteristics albeit with ever-present understeer, let down by awkward ergonomics, a relatively cramped interior, a poor heater and love it or hate it styling. After 12 years, arguably the age of the Alfetta origins was beginning to show.

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The 90 lasted just three years; it was replaced by the most successful big Alfa ever, the front wheel drive 164, which also proved to be a natural home to the Busso V6, and was the first Alfa produced in partnership with Fiat.

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Just over 55,000 Alfas 90s were built; there are fewer than 10 still registered in the UK (all are actually off the road), with an unknown but smaller number of briefcases surviving.

But, it was a part of two pronged plan to update the Alfa saloon range.

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The Giulietta was also replaced in 1985, by the Alfa Romeo 75, named for the 75th anniversary of the company. You sense that this was a car Alfa really wanted to make – it seemed a lot more authentically Alfa than the luxury emphasis on the 90, even if it was essentially a reskinned Giulietta. It doesn’t take long to spot the doors, windscreen or roof line; the defiantly kicked up tail and the profile emphasised by that unusual black plastic strips and complex and odd melange of creases in the front wings, rear wings and bumpers. Visually, even Alfa fans will acknowledge it as an acquired taste, and arguably the few estates built by outside coachbuilders were better looking. But it had a presence.

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The interior was also somewhat blocky, to say the least. It eschewed the novelty instruments of the 90 for a more conventional set up, in a dash that the uncharitable might describe as blocky interpretation of the exterior. Strange ergonomics persisted – the driving position took some getting used to, the window switches were on the ceiling again (and aligned across the car!) whilst the mirror controller was on the console behind the unusually shaped handbrake, and a cassette tape could not be removed from the player with the car in top gear, assuming you wanted to reach that far down anyway.

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At launch, the car came with 1.6, 1.8 or 2.0 litre versions of the twin cam four cylinder, as well an option of a 2.0 litre VW turbo-diesel. But the glamour car was the 2.5 litre V6, with the Busso V6 now featuring fuel injection.

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The performance of the cars ranged, as you’d expect from that range of engines. The 1.6 litre 110bhp cars were no ball of fire, but the 2.5 litre V6 with 156bhp were a lot quicker, at least in a straight line. In terms of handling, the lighter nose and better balance of the four cylinder cars gave a sharper turn in whilst still gripping very well, and the 2.0 litre is often considered a sweet spot in the range. Unless you live near some long tunnels and consequently place a greater importance on engine noise than everyone else.

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In 1988, the four cylinder engines were uprated, with fuel injection and the 2 litre had Alfa’s unique twin spark cylinder head. This was exactly what it said – two spark plugs in each cylinder, aiming to achieve similar benefits to the use of four valve per cylinder heads – more complete combustion leading to more power and economy, especially at low speeds and low loads. The second plug was to one side of the combustion chamber, between an inlet and an exhaust valve, and fired at the same time as the other plug. This was not a new idea for Alfa – it had been first used in 1914, and on the twin cam engine in the 1960s for some motorsport applications.

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Perhaps more surprising still was that in 1988 the four cylinder 75 was fitted with variable valve timing as well. An engine over thirty years old, with two key changes, one from 1914 and one innovative in that part of the market. Alfa, again.

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There were also turbo charged versions of the 1.8 litre, essentially a tax efficient option for certain markets, as power was little changed from the 2 litre twin spark and less than the 2.5 litre V6.

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For motorsport, Alfa devised the 75 Turbo Evoluzione, with a 1762cc version of the four cylinder engine, which competed from 1987 to the early 1990s, but with limited outright success. Like the Twin Spark and the V6, the Turbo Evoluzione had a limited slip differential; otherwise, the cars needed a sharp witted driver to avoid a spin on occasions.

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In 1987, we got what many consider to be the peak Alfa Romeo 75, and by inference, the peak Tipo 116 Alfa. The 75 3.0 V6 got an evolution of the Busso V6 to a full three litres, close to 200bhp and a sound to match Pavarotti.

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Even in the early 1990s, in the European market for a premium or even semi premium, the 75 was arguably more sophisticated than many of its competitors. The BMW 3 series (E30, 1982 to 1990) was still using the unpredictable semi-trailing arm rear suspension and was a compact fit in the back. Nicely engineered, but the E36 was a much needed step forward. Motor put the 75 up against the BMW 318i, and the result could be called a score draw. The BMW was efficient, easier to own and live with, but lacking the character of the Alfa, which was roomier and better value.

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The Audi 80 and 90 looked stunning but drove like a nose heavy wooden bench, perhaps the opposite to the Alfa in those respects.  The Mercedes-Benz 190 had great engineering and quality, but the image of an older person’s car with no blatant claim on handling or driver enjoyment. Cars like the Rover 800, Lancia Thema, Volvo 850 and Saab 9-3 and 9-5 were not there either.

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For North America, initially, Alfa bored out the V6 to a full 3 litres and 189bhp, to create the Alfa Romeo Milano 3.0, supplanting the earlier 2.5 litre version. The big bumpers of the American version graced the European 3  litre to, as seen on the feature car.

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I saw the feature 75 3.0 V6 a few years ago, in a workplace car park. Somehow, it had that something, still, after close to thirty years. It’s still on the road too, now with some 200,000 miles under its belt.

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If you liked the style, there was much to like about the 75, and the de Dion transaxle, torsion bar suspension, inboard rear brakes, variable valve timing, twin spark and twin cam engines were all features a driver would enjoy and which were not typically available elsewhere or available together, even if the basic car was close to twenty years old. It has to be said the quality and interior finish were not always that great, though.

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The 75 was retired in 1992, replaced by the Fiat based 155, initially fitted with the same Alfa four cylinder and V6 engines. The evocative Alfa twin cam was replaced in 1994 by a new engine based on the Fiat Pratola Serra engine family, albeit with Alfa specific twin spark cylinder heads and cam covers. 1992 therefore saw the end of what many would call the proper or classic Alfa – rear wheel drive, Busso engines, and engineering not budget led technical configurations.

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When introduction ended, the 75 had been on the market for seven years; it was closely based on the Giulietta from another eight years earlier and that was closely based on the Alfetta from another five years before that. The four cylinder engine could be easily traced back to 1954. It’s not often a 20 year old design with a 40 year old engine is mourned in the way the 75 was, but the end of the Tipo 116 series, by which time Fiat owned Alfa, and clearly had empowered accountants on the staff, was truly an end of an era. It wasn’t just the car, the last rear drive Alfa until the 2016 Giulia, but also the engine, that had had a production life to match just about any other post war European engine, had been technically advanced when new and, with the turbocharging, twin spark and variable valve timing, remained so.

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The Busso V6 was also used in the later Alfa Romeo 147, 156 and 166, as well the GTV, Spider and the glorious GT coupe, eventually reaching 3.2 litres, four valve per cylinder and 220 bhp, and an engine note to rival a Rolls-Royce Merlin. Production of the Busso engine ceased at the end of December 2005. Three days later, Giuseppe Busso died, at the age of 92. On such coincidences is the mystique of Alfa built.

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I am not trying to say that these cars, or their antecedents, were all great cars, or in some cases, even good cars. But I would suggest they all, in various ways and to varying extents, have the Alfa Romeo spirit. That spirit shows as encouraging a driver to enjoy the car, to be entertained by it as well as transported by it, whilst being more practical and usable on a daily basis than some would have you believe. All in, across the Tipo 116 series and twenty years, Alfa Romeo produced over 1.4 million cars; larger numbers than you might have expected and considerably more than Rover and Triumph did with saloon cars, for example,

tumblr 24e098657fe6b40997990449f371f850 5e8e4ad2 1280You gain access to, or ownership of, a tremendous history, a history that just does not include dull cars but does include some of the greatest and most challenging cars ever built, for a wide range of markets. From the 1.2 litre Alfasud to the 2.5 litre V8 Montreal, from the Alfetta GTV to the Tipo 105 Spider (Graduate), from the Busso V6 engined saloons to the boxer engine 33,  there has been variety and achievement, never a dull moment but often a beautiful moment too. The motorsport heritage, from the early twentieth century through to the 1970s is arguably unmatched for an affordable brand, too. Alfas are the car the others describe in their slogans about “if you like driving”, “the driver’s choice” and the like. Back in 1980, Motor said there was a special and indefinable mystique to an Alfa Romeo, and that remains even now. It’s there in the Alfetta – both the 1972 car and pre-war Grand Prix Alfetta had transaxles gearboxes and a wheelbase of around 98 inches…..

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As you’ll have seen through this tale, Alfa did not take the common or easy path. Their solutions to the requirements were not just a competent execution of a normal, in the way a Peugeot 504 or Rover 3500 (or even the European Ford Granada mk2) may have been, but were more like the attitudes of Citroen or Lancia. The choices made, such as de Dion rear suspension, the transaxle, inboard brakes, twin cam engines and five speed gearboxes, were redolent of engineers making the choices, and this showed in the abilities of the cars, especially in the earlier incarnations. And when these engineers are also enthusiasts, and clearly fully conscious of and empathetic with Alfa’s history and place in the ecosystem of the Italian car industry, the results are almost certain to be “all time greats” or not fully understood, depending on your preferences. I know where mine lie.

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But don’t take just my word – these guys will vouch for them, too.  But I’d suggest Rosso Alfa as a colour – they’re the fastest after all.

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Cohort photos – Evert, Harry_nl, Albert Brandhorst, Alessio, Leo_L, Cascius2000, Charles Dawson, Filippo, EmmeBi Photos, LorenzoSSC, Demolition Man, Marvin 345, Janko Trajanov, Marco, Chris Dalton, Wouter Bregman, Yohai Rodin

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