Vintage C/D Road Test: 1990 Volkswagen Corrado G60: “Machinelike In A Somewhat Agricultural Way”

Car and Driver, November 1989, top half of page 125, with a B&W front 3q view of a 1990 VW Corrado G60 and the headline "Volkswagen Corrado: VW sends over a chunk of its mind" by Patrick Bedard

A year after its European debut, Volkswagen’s chunky new Corrado coupe came to the U.S., powered by a 1.8-liter four with VW’s unusual G-Lader supercharger. Car and Driver tested the 1990 Volkswagen Corrado G60 in November 1989 and came away with mixed feelings about this left-field choice in the then-crowded “supercoupe” field.

Car and Driver, November 1989, top half of page 125, opening paragraphs of 1990 VW Corrado G60 road test

Remember the now-vanished era when nearly every automaker offered one or more sporty compact coupes? It wasn’t really that long ago, but it feels like a lifetime. Small coupes had proliferated in the ’70s, but not a few of them were crap even by the standards of their time. By the late ’80s, however, competition and greatly improved technology had separated most of the chaff from the wheat, and even the mediocre entries were usually decent-enough cars in their own right. And such variety! By 1990, you could have your pick of old-school RWD pony cars, FWD coupes with turbo fours and a growing number of V-6s, and some ferocious AWD models like the Diamond Star coupes (Mitsubishi Eclipse, Eagle Talon, Plymouth Laser) and Toyota Celica All-Trac Turbo. An embarrassment of riches, if you liked this sort of thing, and, sadly, we probably won’t see its like again.

Volkswagen had had a solid enough entry in the sporty coupe class in the ’70s with the Mk1 Scirocco, but the Mk2 version, introduced for 1982, hadn’t really caught on with American buyers. It remained available in the States through 1988, but VW had seemed content to let it grow old, and by the end, it had dropped almost completely off the radar. Volkswagen wasn’t doing very well in the U.S. back then, and I assume replacing the aging Scirocco was a low priority.

Front 3q view of a black U.S. 1987 Volkswagen Scirocco 16V with teardrop alloy wheels

1987 Volkswagen Scirocco 16V / Bring a Trailer

 

Just how low a priority it was is evidenced by the fact that it took a full year for Volkswagen to get around to introducing its new Corrado coupe in the U.S. The Corrado had actually launched in Europe in the fall of 1988 as a 1989 model, but it didn’t cross the Atlantic until the 1990 model year. In the first page of the Car and Driver road test above, Patrick Bedard says it arrived six months later than Volkswagen had planned, although he doesn’t offer any explanation for the delay.

Front 3q view of a yellow 1990 Volkswagen Corrado G60

1990 Volkswagen Corrado G60 / Bring a Trailer

 

“Why?” is really the operative question about the Corrado, and I’ve yet to see a convincing explanation for why Volkswagen built this car at all. From an American perspective, it was a belated successor to the Scirocco, but in Europe, the second-generation Scirocco actually remained on sale alongside the Corrado through 1992, and VW insisted that they were distinct and separate entities, with the Corrado aiming at the gap left by the recent demise of the Porsche 924. That seemed foolhardy even at the time, insofar as the Corrado arrived as the European market for coupes was rapidly fading, eaten alive by more practical hot hatches like VW’s own Golf GTI. The Corrado was assembled by the coachbuilder Karmann (although it was an in-house VW design) — did Volkswagen have some contractual obligation to Karmann that they were otherwise having trouble meeting? I still don’t know.

Car and Driver, November 1989, page 126, with a rear 3q view of the Corrado and closeups of its motorized rear spoiler and alloy wheel

Bedard called the Corrado “an intricate, feature-packed machine with a full complement of fit-yourself adjustments in the cockpit and an imaginative powerplant under the hood.” This seems like a polite way of tiptoeing around the fact that the Corrado was in many respects a Mk2 Golf GTI with a coupe body, sharing the familiar 1,781 cc EA827 engine, five-speed gearbox (an automatic wasn’t added in the U.S. until 1991), MacPherson struts, torsion beam on trailing arms, and vented front/solid disc brakes. Unlike the Scirocco, which was still based on the original Mk1 Golf platform, the Corrado was based on the contemporary Mk2 Golf, but that mostly just made it bigger and over 300 lb heavier than the Scirocco.

Tail of a yellow 1990 Volkswagen Corrado with its motorized spoiler lowered

The Corrado’s decklid spoiler would automatically rise at speed / Bring a Trailer

 

So, what the Corrado mostly offered for its substantial price premium over the Golf was, er, style. Before the world’s eight remaining Corrado devotees swear a vendetta against me, I think the Corrado looks fine in isolation: The shape suggests some kind of shoe, but that’s not entirely inappropriate for a sporty coupe, and the detailing is well-considered if not very exciting. I like it better than either of the two previous Scirocco designs (admittedly not high praise, since the aesthetic appeal of the original Giugiaro design has always eluded me, and the Mk2 is so bland it would have been perfect for insurance commercials), and it’s aged surprisingly well. Comparing the Corrado to the sleek and swoopy shapes of its contemporary rivals, though, left me wondering if VW designers understood the assignment. This was a sporty VW coupe, but the accent was definitely on the “VW.”

The Corrado’s other big claim to fame was the silly motorized spoiler, which erected itself automatically at speed — 120 km/h (75 mph) in Europe, 45 mph in the U.S. — to reduce aerodynamic lift while further compromising the coupe’s already unspectacular 0.32 drag coefficient and mediocre rear visibility. Maybe it was just the thing for the Autobahn, but on this side of the pond, the spoiler was strictly a gimmick, and not a very desirable one.

Rear 3q of a yellow 1990 Volkswagen Corrado G60

1990 Volkswagen Corrado G60 / Bring a Trailer

 

Bedard spent most of the second page extolling the Corrado’s lengthy standard equipment list, which offered “about as many levers and gadgets to play with as any Asian brand.” However, the real redeeming virtue of this car was its chassis. While there was nothing technologically noteworthy about the Corrado suspension, it was tuned to a fare-thee-well, and some European testers regarded it as the best FWD chassis of its era. Bedard remarked:

The over-the-road moves of this car are correct, very assured, very connected to the pavement. And it’s one of a very few powerful front-drivers that don’t try to snatch the steering out of your hands at full throttle in the lower gears, far better than the Probe GT/Mazda MX-6 GT and the Chrysler-Mitsubishi siblings. The Corrado’s ride motions are crisp, with that sharp edge that comes from ultra-low-profile 50-series tires. This is one of those cars that feel as if they could drive around a grasshopper in the road and not worry about the possibility of a last-second hop, because they can drive around that too. The Corrado is quick and athletic, and its ride sharpness won’t let you forget it—rather like a GTI, only more so.

It’s important to note for context that the Probe/MX-6 GT coupes he was comparing were the first-generation turbocharged models, which were very powerful, but had a disconcerting degree of torque steer under power. Not all contemporary reviewers felt the Corrado had completely avoided this problem — CAR complained in May 1992 that the G60 suffered “torque-steer fidget that can generate disconcerting weave under hard acceleration, even wrench the wheel” — but it was at least less twitchy than many turbocharged FWD rivals.

BBS alloy wheel on a yellow 1990 Volksagen Corrado G60

This 1990 car’s BBS wheels were not a factory option in 1990, but BBS wheels replaced the original factory alloys for 1991 / Bring a Trailer

 

Given more recent tire trends, thinking of 50-series tires as “ultra-low-profile” is a bit jarring — a lot of contemporary sports coupes still used 55- or 60-series rubber, which didn’t provide such sharp response or quite as much ultimate grip, but made for a less brittle ride. In retrospect, I see the higher-profile rubber as a better trade-off for normal driving, but VW was ahead of the curve here, for better or worse.

Car and Driver, November 1989, page 127, with B&W photos of the dashboard, the engine, and the car on the road

The C/D editors were very taken with the Corrado interior, which they ranked high on perceived quality and thought was quite roomy for a coupe this size. Having previously owned a Honda Prelude of this era, with a very low cowl and expansive visibility, I find the Corrado comparatively claustrophobic, with the high beltline and thick pillars giving the impression of sitting in a bunker. The VW did have much more supportive seats, however, and they were adjustable enough for most people to find a comfortable angle.

Dashboard of a 1990 Volkswagen Corrado with black leatherette/gray and red velour upholstery, viewed through the driver's door

1990 Volkswagen Corrado G60 / Bring a Trailer

 

Seat comfort notwithstanding, I find the striped velour upholstery rather tacky. Early European Corrados tended to be all-black inside (or all-gray, which wasn’t much better), so any splash of color was something of a relief, but, like the awful Tartan patterns with which VW has periodically burdened the Golf, it didn’t look particularly good. It also seemed somewhat incongruous given the sober Teutonic boxiness of the dashboard. Another interior shortcoming: Volkswagen had opted to meet U.S. passive restraint requirements with motorized front shoulder belts rather than airbags. The Corrado was far from alone in this in 1990, but VW continued using the infuriating mouse belts well after many rivals had found less obnoxious solutions.

Nose of a yellow 1990 Volkswagen Corrado G60 with VW emblem and red G60 badge on the black horizontal grille slats

1990 Volkswagen Corrado G60 / Bring a Trailer

 

In the text on this page, Bedard acknowledged the Corrado’s kinship with the Golf, but asserted:

Philosophically, though, there’s a difference. VW engineers think of the Corrado as a unique car: they see it as a roadgoing envelope for the supercharged and intercooled G60 engine. Other VW engines would fit, but the Corrado is not an envelope for other engines; it’s available with the G60 engine only. And VW’s patented G-Charger blower is necessarily limited in production because the plant that machines the complex internal G-shaped scrolls can produce only 150 units a day, so that’s how many Corrados there’ll be.

I don’t want to take Bedard to task here because I’m sure VW representatives probably said something like this at the Corrado’s U.S. press introduction, but nearly all of this is nonsense: First of all, the European Corrado was also offered with the 134-hp normally aspirated 1.8-liter engine from the European Golf GTI 16V. The likely reason Volkswagen chose not to offer this combination here was to limit overlap between the Corrado and the slow-selling U.S. GTI, which was about to adopt the similarly powerful 2.0-liter 16-valve engine. (Strikes at the VW plant in Puebla, Mexico, delayed the U.S. introduction of the 2.0-liter GTI 16V until 1991, but it had already been announced, and Volkswagen had expected it to go on sale at the same time as the U.S. Corrado.) Also, the supercharged G60 engine was only a Corrado exclusive in the U.S. — the G60 had also become available on the European Golf for 1989.

Supercharged EA827 engine in a 1990 Volkswagen Corrado G60

The supercharged, intercooled G60 engine in a 1990 Volkswagen Corrado / Bring a Trailer

 

The “G” in “G60” stood for “G-Lader” (“G-Charger” in English), while “60” was the supercharger chamber depth in millimeters. As the name implied, the belt-driven supercharger had an unusual G-shaped scroll:

Photo of cutaway of a Volkswagen G40 G-Lader supercharger

The G-Lader supercharger in section; this is the smaller G40, but the G60 is very similar, differing mostly in chamber depth / Volkswagen AG via Volkswagen Classic

 

The basic spiral concept was derived from a 1905 rotary engine design by French engineer Léon Creux (U.S. Patent 801,182), but sealing technology of the time wasn’t adequate to make it practical as an engine. As a positive-displacement supercharger, however, Volkswagen felt that it had some useful advantages over the more common Roots-type (rotary piston) and Zoller-type (vane) superchargers, summarized in this table from a 1986 technical paper:

Diagrams of Roots, Zoller, and G-Lader supercharger with a a table of their comparative pros and cons: Roots had high back flow, very small wear, big noise emission, big inertia; Zoller had low back flow, big wear, big noise emission, medium inertia; G-Lader had very low back flow, small wear, small noise emission, and small inertia

Comparison of Roots-type, Zoller-type, and G-Lader superchargers / Volkswagen AG

 

Volkswagen had applied the smaller G40 version of this supercharger to the Mk2 Polo in 1986, producing 113 hp from 1,272 cc and making the lightweight Polo a 120-mph car. Applied to the 8-valve 1,781 cc EA827 engine, the G60 supercharger produced a respectable 158 hp and 166 lb-ft of torque. (For comparison, the normally aspirated 8-valve engine then had 105 hp and 110 lb-ft in U.S. cars, while the U.S.-spec 16-valve 1.8-liter had 123 hp and 120 lb-ft.)

Front 3q view of a black Volkswagen Polo G40 Type 2

The Volkswagen Polo G40 Type 2 was the first production application of the G-Lader supercharger / Guide des Sportives

 

Unfortunately, as Bedard noted, the complex shape of the G-Lader made it difficult and expensive to produce. It also wasn’t very reliable in service, and Volkswagen left it to owners and technicians to figure out the lifespan of its internal seals the hard way. According to VW Heritage:

The G-Lader will need regular servicing, and while VW never specified an actual rebuild/overhaul interval, the bearings and seals within the charger have a finite lifespan, depending on the engine’s state of general tune. On a standard setup, a rebuild every 45,000 miles is generally recommended. This might involve stripping the charger, cleaning the casing and inspecting the various components for wear before reassembling with new oil seals, apex strips, bearings and drive belt – usually using higher specification parts than when the supercharger left the factory.

 

Car and Driver, November 1989, page 128, with text box containing "Counterpoint" observations by other C/D editors

Since the boost pressure generated by the belt-driven G-Lader wasn’t dependent on exhaust velocity, the G60 engine wasn’t subject to turbo lag. However, its performance still wasn’t outstanding: Volkswagen claimed 0 to 60 mph in 7.5 seconds, but I’ve yet to find an independent test that came within a half-second of that figure. Car and Driver recorded 0 to 60 mph in 8.2 seconds and the standing quarter mile in 16.1 seconds at 86 mph, which was quicker than a Prelude Si or normally aspirated Celica — no great feat, since they had only 135 hp — but no match for a Probe GT or the turbocharged Diamond Star cars. The Corrado was also still a bit sluggish off the line, as the G60 engine’s modest off-idle torque struggled against the fairly hefty curb weight.

Instrument panel of a 1990 Volkswagen Corrado

A familiar sight to anyone who’s driven an ’80s or ’90s Volkswagen / Bring a Trailer

 

Some of the performance shortfall was due not to the engine, but to the clunky five-speed gearbox, whose notchy, balky linkage drew many complaints. The gearing also required two shifts before 60 mph; VW revised the ratios of U.S. cars for 1991 to address this. (European cars retained the original ratio spread.)

Bedard also complained:

The engine is short on exhilaration, too. It’s not zingy in the fashion of the typical four-valver. The redline is 6200 rpm, and the engine sort of groans its way up there. Something under the hood makes a moany sound; we blame the G-Charger, even though VW engineers claim it’s a quiet source of power. The four-cylinder vibrations excite certain buzzes in the bodywork, too. The net result is that the Corrado feels more machinelike in a somewhat agricultural way than the Prelude or the balance-shaft-equipped Chrysler-Mitsubishis.

This wasn’t a minority opinion in the C/D offices: In the “Counterpoint” section on the above page, editor John Phillips III complained of “the coarseness of the engine,” while Rich Ceppos lamented “the droning coming from underhood.”

Still, the excellent chassis counted for something, and the Corrado’s upright shape made it closer to a proper four-seater than many coupe rivals. As Bedard put it:

Crawling into the back is a Houdini trick, and when you get there the ceiling is low and the front-seat headrests dominate the view. But adults five-foot-ten or less, once they’re in place, can actually ride in back in passable comfort.

 

Back seat of a 1990 Volkswagen Corrado G60 with black leatherette/gray and red velour upholstery

Decent space for a coupe, but claustrophobic and hard to access / Bring a Trailer

 

C/D technical director Csaba Csere (in the “Counterpoint” section above) was unimpressed with the Corrado, calling the engine “a big disappointment” and noting that leading rivals handled just as well without such a stiff-legged ride. He conceded that it didn’t look like any of its rivals, but concluded, “unless you place a high value on distinctiveness, the Corrado has limited appeal.”

Bedard (in the main text) took a more positive stance, concluding:

What we have here is a supercoupe that doesn’t care what anybody says. It’s a VW and, by gawd, it’ll do things its own way.

That amounts to choice, guys. In a market featuring three or four kinds of turbocharged pickle-shaped coupes, a G-Charged chunk of chutzpah is a welcome addition.

 

Car and Driver, November 1989, page 130, with Volkswagen Corrado data panel

Bedard’s point is well-taken, especially with the benefit of hindsight, but appreciating the Corrado’s chutzpah was an expensive proposition. The yellow car in this post’s color photos had a list price of $18,220 when it was originally sold in 1990, and the Washington dealer had the temerity to tack on an additional $400 surcharge for “Adjusted Market Value.” (Given the weak demand for the Corrado in the U.S., I would call that “a helluva lot of nerve.”)

The C/D test car, which had the optional antilock brakes and power sunroof, listed for $19,750 including shipping. Since you could buy one of the turbocharged AWD Diamond Star coupes for around $17,000 in 1990 (although they didn’t offer ABS until 1991), this wasn’t what you’d call a bargain. Had this Corrado G60 been available in time for the C/D “Supercoupe” comparison test earlier in the year, it would have been the most expensive car in the test, and it offered only mid-pack performance.

Left side view of a 1990 Volkswagen Corrado G60

1990 Volkswagen Corrado G60 / Bring a Trailer

 

If you liked the chassis — surely the Corrado’s best feature — and the late ’80s VW corporate look, you could get both for about $5,000 less in the GTI 16V, which was eminently more practical and nearly as quick. Judging by the incomplete sales figures I could find, few American buyers were interested in either: U.S. GTI sales in this era were very weak, and the Corrado was actually outsold by the elderly Cabriolet, another holdover of the old Mk1 Golf/Rabbit platform. Autoblog estimates total U.S. Corrado G60 sales for 1990 to 1992 at around 17,000, but when the six-cylinder Corrado SLC arrived midway through the 1992 model year, Volkswagen of America still had about 1,500 unsold supercharged cars to clear out. (The G60 engine remained available in Europe through the end of the 1993 model year, the G40 through July 1994.)

Car and Driver, November 1989, page 131, with Volkswagen Corrado performance comparison graphs

The Corrado SLC, which replaced the G60 supercharged engine with the new normally aspirated 2,792 cc VR6, offered more power (178 hp) with less fuss. It made the Corrado even heavier, but the VR6 actually provided better weight distribution, and VW retuned the suspension for a bit more compliance with no sacrifice in grip or agility. The SLC still had the aggravating mouse belts, however, and it cost about $1,000 more than the G60, so it still didn’t sell. Volkswagen withdrew the Corrado from the U.S. market at the end of the 1994 model year, although it stuck around for another year in Europe. Global production totaled 97,535 units between August 1988 and July 1994.

By then, the bottom had fallen out of the sporty-coupe market in the U.S. Unfavorable exchange rates were pricing the more desirable imports out of reach of the buyers who would have wanted them: A 1994 Honda Prelude VTEC listed for $24,500, and the final Corrado SLC started at around $25,000. Child seat regulations meant that coupes were no longer practical only-cars for buyers with even very young children (you might be able to wedge an NHTSA-approved child seat into the back of a Corrado, but would you want to make a habit of it?), and limiting the audience for coupes to the childless and child-free made the price escalation increasingly untenable. Within a decade, most of the cars in this class were gone, and the few stragglers weren’t long for the world.

Rear view of a yellow 1990 Volkswagen Corrado G60

1990 Volkswagen Corrado G60 / Bring a Trailer

 

I didn’t like the Corrado G60 when it was new, put off by its wooden-clog proportions and groan-and-moan engine, but time and the virtual extinction of this entire category of compact sporty coupe have softened my criticisms of it. I still wouldn’t want one (the mouse belts cross it off even the most speculative “What if?” lists, and I’ve had quite enough of VW quality and reliability to last me a lifetime, thanks much), and if I did, the SLC would be the one to have, but as a shape and a concept, it looks better all the time.

Related Reading

Curbside Classic: VW Scirocco Mk1 – Irreplicable, Although VW Keeps Trying (by Paul N)
Curbside Classic: 1982 VW Scirocco Mk II – We Don’t Need No Stinkin’ Italian Designers (by Paul N)
CC Capsule: 1991 Volkswagen Corrado G60 – Flawed Follow-up (by Tatra87)
Vintage Comparison Test: 1989 Super Coupes – Car And Driver Compares Affordable Sporty Coupes At The End Of The Eighties (by GN)
Curbside Classic: 1993 Volkswagen Corrado VR6 – The Enigmatic Also-Ran (by The Professor)