Women In 1960s New Car Ads: Sex Appeal And Chauvinism From The “Mad Men” Era

Section of a print ad showing four women standing behind a modesty screen, with a blue Dodge Polara four-door hardtop behind them

As the acclaimed AMC series Mad Men dramatically illustrated, the 1960s brought a new tone to American advertising: provocative, sometimes irreverent — and yet still often full of condescending ’50s-style attitudes towards women. Let’s take a look at a sampling of 1960s car ads featuring women, ranging from slick but patronizing sophistication to unapologetic cheesecake.

Cadillac ad showing a white 1961 6-window Sedan de Ville with a jeweled necklace in the shape of the Cadillac shield and crest, above a photo of a woman in a white dress and red cape outside a formal-looking structure

This 1961 ad is one of a long-running series of Cadillac advertisements featuring specially tailored jewelry and gowns. The jewels pictured at the top were created by Black, Starr & Gorham, while the model’s white opera gown and red cape were by fashion designer Norman Norell (who had just recently established his own label). The locale was the posh San Francisco Opera House. The Cadillac itself seemed kind of wedged in the middle, but the point was to present it as an upscale luxury accessory for affluent women.

Somewhat surprisingly, Cadillac was more likely than a lot of automakers to acknowledge that women might actually drive their cars, a prospect some ad copywriters of this period still seemed to regard as an absurdity worthy of an I Love Lucy plot. The copy of this ad reads:

It will be a lucky lady indeed who welcomes a new 1961 Cadillac into her life. The car is consummately beautiful. Its interiors are spacious and luxurious as never before. And it is wondrously smooth, quiet and agile in motion. Driver or passenger, she will find that in a very real way it notably enriches the hours of every day. Why not discuss the possibility of a new Cadillac with your family? You might just be that lucky lady.

Note that the ad isn’t quite enlightened enough to suggest that said lucky lady might buy her own Cadillac (although there were at least a few well-heeled women of this time who did exactly that), suggesting instead that the reader “discuss the possibility of a new Cadillac with your family.”

Fiat ad showing a man admiring a red Fiat convertible and a woman admiring a green Fiat 600 sedan, with the headline, "HE wanted a Fiat Spider; SHE wanted a Fiat '600'; THEY got them both (…and saved a garageful of money!)"

This 1961 Fiat ad proposes a his-and-hers approach to new-car shopping. The body copy reads:

The FIAT 1200 SPIDER is all the car a man could want. A tiger on the road. Stunning Italian styling by Pinin Farina. Careful Italian craftsmanship in every detail. A 1221 cc. engine that delivers plenty of zip and remarkable economy. Roll-up windows, plenty of leg-room, tuckaway soft top and optional hard top too, if wanted. Best of all, a price tag that lets you drive it instead of dream about it—only $2595*.

The FIAT 600 is everyone’s ideal car, perfect for scooting to the supermarket, taking the kids to school, or taking the whole family to grandma’s. It parks in spaces that don’t look big enough for a bike. Surprising gasoline economy. Includes almost $300† worth of accessories at no extra charge. And costs only $1198*.

SPIDER or 600, a FIAT will keep your family happy. Your budget, too. Try either one tomorrow. Better yet, try both.

If you’re wondering, the little dagger includes that the $300 worth of accessories included on the Fiat 600 were “a heater, defroster, whitewalls, windshield washers, electric wipers, turn signals, undercoating, leatherette interiors, and fold-down rear seats.”

 Dodge ad showing two illustrations: four women standing behind a modesty screen with a blue 1963 Dodge behind them, and the women in the car, with the headline "Pardon us while we slip into something comfortable!" The headline reads, "The Dependables Are Here! Introducing the 1963 Dodge: A Full Line of Cars in the Low-Price Field!"

Even in the most censorious eras, there are writers, directors, artists, and ad writers who can’t resist a bit of impish censor-baiting. This cheek 1963 Dodge ad (the full version of our lead image) is a fine example: Nothing actually indecent is going on in this ad — the only reason to assume these four ladies aren’t fully dressed behind the screen is that in the second illustration, they all appear to be wearing dresses with shoulders. However, it gives the impression of being naughty without actually showing anything, suggesting a kind of Playboy pictorial scenario where attractive women have nothing better to do than lounge around half-naked in provocative poses.

If that seems racier than you’d expect from early ’60s Dodge, not to fear — the ad copy quickly retreats from the suggestiveness of the lead illustrations:

The something comfortable in this case is a 1963 Dodge Polara 4-door hardtop. It’s not the clinging sort of comfortable, either; you might say that it’s more like housecoat comfortable. Lots of room to move around in. Note the roofline. It sweeps straight back instead of sloping off. It means plenty of headroom for front and rear seat passengers. And everyone rides in more comfort, because Dodge seats are chair-high. All 24 Dodge models (in three series) offer you this kind of comfort at a variety of prices, all low. Sedans, hardtops, wagons, convertibles — Dependables all. We’ve got lots for the male side, too. For economy, a going 225 cu. in. 6. For action, a stable full of V8’s ranging from the standard 318 cu. in. V8 to an all-out 426 cu. in. high-performance job. There’s more: like self-adjusting brakes, 32,000 miles between grease jobs, and a unitized, rust-protected body. The good looks should already be obvious to you. The rest? See your Dodge Dealer.

It’s interesting that the first feature it lists “for the male side” is the economical 225-cid Slant Six, but this ad presents its women as fashionable but frivolous.

Cadillac ad showing a white 1963 Cadillac Series 62 convertible parked on a cliffside, with a well-dressed woman at the wheel and a man in a suit approaching with suitcases.

Cadillac ad may have shown women in the driver’s seat more often than some, but that didn’t necessarily stop their copywriters from presenting that in the most condescending terms:

CADILLAC LADIES LOVE TO PLAY CHAUFFEUR. Unusual?
Not at all. For this one is really fun to drive…feather-light and sure to handle…smooth and effortless on the move…quick and nimble in the clutches. The reasons are mostly man-talk: a high performance engine, a true center drive line, a triple braking system, graduated power steering. But the result is eloquent enough for any lady to understand: the finest, sweetest performance in any automobile today. Visit your dealer soon and see for yourself. And don’t forget to bring your loveliest chauffeur with you.

So, the copy emphasizes that the car appeals to the ladies, but reassures the prospective male customer that a new Cadillac would be his car, even if he magnanimously allowed his wife or mistress to ferry him around in it.

Pontiac ad showing a man leaning back behind the wheel of a red 1963 Pontiac Tempest convertible stopped next to a dark-haired woman in a red hooded jumpsuit and black leather boots on a motorcycle, with the headline, "You don't really need Wide-Track…unless you drive a car."

The fellow behind the wheel of the red Tempest in this 1963 Pontiac ad looks like he’s in need of some reassurance. Sitting with your arms behind your head like that is generally considered a self-consciously domineering gesture, so it’s as if this guy is desperately trying to demonstrate that he’s not threatened by the woman on the motorcycle. With her big Harley-Davison Duo-Glide and black leather boots, she’s presented as a rather exotic figure, like a character from the racier variety of European movies of the time. (I know very little about motorcycles — thanks to commenter Nate for identifying this one!)

With an image like this, I don’t think anyone at Pontiac ad agency McManus, John and Adams seriously expected people to read the copy, but if you’re curious, it says:

Oddly enough, most people don’t ride on motorcycles too much, except for fun. And what’s fun on a ‘cycle isn’t fun in a car—namely, leaning ‘way over to help get around a turn. That’s why we put Wide-Track on Tempest this year: to keep you stable and level when you turn. Tempest isn’t the only car with Wide-Track, but we don’t fret about the competition. We make the other one too. Wide-Track Pontiac Tempest

Emphasizing stability in turns was a little ironic because handling stability was definitely NOT a strong point of the “rope-drive” Tempest, which shared its suspension with the Corvair and was susceptible to the same alarming jacking and tuck-under antics. If this convertible driver had tried to impress the woman on the motorcycle on a winding mountain road, he might have been in for some very bad moments.

Cadillac ad showing an elegantly dressed woman with white gloves at the wheel of a 1964 Cadillac with another 1964 Cadillac four-door hardtop visible through the windshield ahead

This 1964 Cadillac ad has another woman at the wheel, but the copy is so preoccupied with showcasing the new Comfort Control air conditioning that it doesn’t waste words being patronizing. The copy reads:

IT’S EASY TO BE A WEATHERMAN IN A NEW CADILLAC!
Or a weatherwoman, as the case may be. For with the exclusive new Comfort Control, which combines heating and air conditioning in a single unit, the interior weather never changes. Even humidity is under perfect control. This system, now available as an extra-cost option, actually anticipates outside conditions and adjusts for them before they occur. After all, the Cadillac for 1964 is more than a hundred ways new. It has amazing new agility and responsiveness in traffic. Its ride is smooth and quiet as never before. And its luxury and styling are the finest of all time. Arrange a date with this new Cadillac motor car someday soon. It’s more tempting than ever—and just wait till you drive it!

Many buyers did find it tempting: 75 percent ordered Comfort Control for 1964, at an added cost of $494.50. Tom Halter’s history of automatic climate control explains how the system worked.

Corvair ad showing a man in a suit waiting at a bus stop and a woman behind the wheel of a red 1964 Corvair Monza club coupe, with the headline, "About the only thing that can come between a Corvair owner and his Corvair is his wife"

The headline and illustrations 1964 Corvair Monza are particularly teeth-gnashing in their sexism — that the wife “stole” the family car is neither here nor there, but we’re expected to assume that her errands are silly and frivolous, whereas he’s dressed for work. However, the tongue-in-cheek copy offers a modest reversal, suggesting that the wife likes their Corvair for the same “for-men-only reasons” as her husband:

Like most men, the fellow riding the bench has definite opinions on what he buys in the way of neckties, flyrods—and cars. But right now he’s having some second thoughts on just who talked whom into buying a new Corvair.

Sure, he had his for-men-only reasons. Output in the standard engine is up nearly 19 per cent this year—to 95 hp. (And in the new Monza Spyder models it’s a virile 150 hp.)

He also had a knowledgeable appreciation of Corvair’s steering, cornering and rear-engine traction. Things his wife really couldn’t be expected to be interested in.

Tidy styling and tasteful (she called them “chic”) interiors—that’s all that concerned her. Or so our bench warmer thought. Until he began counting his commuter tokens one day.

The point is that the same things he liked about the car—its spirit, the ease with which it turns and fits into parking places, the way it grips on ice, mud and snow—his wife liked too. Maybe even more so.

Matter of fact, it’s sometimes occurred to us that if we built a car for women only we probably couldn’t make it more to their liking than this one. Couple of us married fellows were talking about that at the bus stop just the other day.

Left front 3q view of a 1955 Dodge La Femme two-door hardtop
1955 Dodge La Femme in Heather Rose over Sapphire White / Mecum Auctions

Dodge, incidentally, had actually tried to make a car “for women only”: the 1955–1956 Dodge La Femme, a specially decorated pink-and-white Dodge Royal Lancer hardtop. It was an embarrassing commercial flop — as the copywriters at Chevrolet ad agency Campbell Ewald coyly acknowledged in the above ad, the qualities that women liked in cars were really not terribly different from the priorities of male buyers.

Rambler ad for the 1965 Marlin, showing several angles on a silver and black Marlin fastback with a female model in a black-and-white Op Art pattern blouse, with the headline, "Rambler takes off — the Marlin comes on. Meet America's first man-size sports-fastback! Marlin By Rambler"

Next, we stop off at AMC. This 1965 ad for the Rambler Marlin isn’t exactly racy, but pretty girls and Op Art graphic design were a change of pace for American Motors, which had just switched ad agencies from Geyer, Morey, Ballard to Benton & Bowles.

The art director did their best with the big fish, but few marques sold in America in 1965 were LESS macho than AMC, and the implication that the Marlin’s “man-size” dimensions gave it sex appeal was preposterous. (I don’t think its size and awkward shape did much to endear it to female buyers either — quite a few women were buying Mustangs by this time, and judging by the sale figures, not many were tempted by the Marlin.)

The ad copy is less chauvinistic, but you can sense the copywriter’s desperation:

You’re looking at the most exciting Rambler ever built—Marlin! A car unlike anything else on the scene today. Here’s too much automobile to be just another fastback—too much luxury to be just another sports car—too much solid value to be anything but a Rambler. You get dazzling performance, including the might of a 327 cu.-in. V-8 option. You get Power Disc Brakes and individually adjustable reclining front seats, standard. You get a choice of practically any sports option you can name, like floor shifts, console, bucket seats, wire-wheel covers—plus all the solid extra-value features Rambler provides at no extra cost, such as Deep-Dip rustproofing, Double-Safety Brakes (separate systems, front and rear)—and more. Catch the Marlin in all its excitement—at your Rambler dealer now. In limited production, but stepping up fast. American Motors—Dedicated to Excellence

(For the record, front discs didn’t STAY standard on the Marlin for very long; by the start of the 1966 model year, they’d moved to the options list.)

Fiat ad showing a Fiat 1500 Spider and a female model in a short-sleeved wetsuit, with a scuba mask on her head and flippers on her feet. The headline reads, "How would you like to get away from it all with the Second Best Shape in Italy?"

We segue from AMC’s tentative stab at sex appeal to a slice of Italian cheesecake with this 1966 Fiat ad. The small text under the headline has three little checkboxes labeled, “A Little? A Whole Lot? The Most! (Check one. Don’t cheat!)” The copy at the bottom reads:

If you checked “The Most,” Congratulations! You’re a natural born Fiat man. A man who knows a beautiful thing when he sees it—and what to do with it. A man loaded with red blood cells that glow brighter when adventure’s in the wind. The Fiat 1500 Spider with five forward speed transmission is adventure on wheels, bumper-to-bumper excitement that makes everything fun. You checked only “A Little?” Cheer up. Spin the Spider around the block and check with us again. Always have at least one Fiat!

One might normally expect to see a chic young woman like the model driving a Fiat 1500 Spider rather than just posing on the hood — the Spider was a cute little sports car of a kind that some women find hard to resist — but I suppose Fiat’s U.S. ad agency warned them that they couldn’t say that or men might be afraid to buy one, thinking it too much of a “girl’s car.”

1968 Ford Mustang ad showing a sequence of images in which a schlubby-looking man in a shirt and tie is transformed into a smiling lifeguard, above a photo of a red 1968 Mustang hatchback on the beach with the man surrounded by three attractive young women in bikinis. The headline reads, "Only Mustang makes it happen!"

Many ads imply that buying the product will give the customer an immediate boost with members of the appropriate gender, but this 1968 Ford Mustang ad actually puts a poor schlub through the complete Charles Atlas transformation, which ultimately rewards him with not one, not two, but THREE attractive young women. The copy says:

Sidney spent Sundays seashelling at the seashore. Then Sidney started digging the ’68 Mustang—the great original. Dug the models: hardtop, fastback and convertible. Liked the low price, too, which Sidney lots of clams to design his own Mustang, Sidney style. Now Sidney’s making waves all over. Last week he saved 3 bathing beauties. (And they all could swim better than Sidney!)

Given how many young women bought Mustangs in this era, I mused that Ford could have done a gender-reversed version of this ad, showing a female Mustang owner enjoying admiring male attention. Then, I remembered that Ford did exactly that barely two years later, in the brochure for the 1970 Mustang:

Brochure page showing a gold Mustang Grandé hardtop with a woman in a yellow dress surrounded by three men in tuxedos
The larger text reads:

carol edmonston had a b.a., m.a. and ph.d. but really wanted her mrs.

since she bought mustang she can’t decide between mr. b.a., mr. m.a. or the ph.d.

I’m not going to transcribe the rest of the copy (which is a lengthy enumeration of the features of the Mustang Grandé), but the first lines reiterates the theme: “Carol has decision problems—but nice ones. How about you?”

Not exactly the world’s greatest blow for gender equality, admittedly, but given some of the ads that preceded it, I guess it’s only fair.