Curbside Classic: 1961 Falcon – How To Build A Winning Compact

(first posted 3/21/2011)   That could be me sitting in that barber chair, for two reasons. Well, that is the exact chair I sit in when I get my hair cut. And I could see myself having driven there in my ’61 Falcon, like the owner of this one did in his daily driver.  I’ve always had a soft spot for the Falcon, despite its certain limitations. It appeals both to my left brain, for being so pragmatic and rational, as well as my right brain, where I’ve spent way too many hours mentally building the perfect 1961 Falcon, as if there was such a thing.  Didn’t Ford get it right in 1960? It certainly won the compact war that launched that year.

There’s always room for improvement though, and Ford and I both improved on it for ’61.

The story of the Falcon is that rare triumph of rationality in Detroit. The Big Three all committed themselves to finally building compacts for 1960, after having dithered about it ever since WW2. GM came extremely close with their Cadet in 1948, but decided it wasn’t worth trying to build a small car since they could barely keep up building big ones. They all kept compact programs on the back burner, and the very nasty recession that started in the fall of 1957 sealed the deal. Ramblers, Larks and imports were all hot, and the time had come to do what had to be done. The question was how each approached the task.

In somewhat typical GM fashion, it used its love for technical overkill and radical approaches to come up with the air-cooled rear engine Corvair. We’ve covered that huge story lots of times here at CC, but let’s just say that in its initial form, it wasn’t quite what economy compact car buyers were looking for. But its improvements came soon enough and turned it into something rather different, and quite successful at that.

And Chrysler? Their prowess for engineering excellence within more conventional parameters led to the Valiant, technically superior to the Falcon in just about every way but quite spoiled by Virgil Exner’s challenging styling. The ’60-’62 Valiant may rightfully enjoy a cult following, but it was utterly out of the mainstream styling taste, and its poor sales proved that conclusively.

The Falcon was conceived under the reign of Robert McNamara, that paragon of the rational and pragmatic manager. He oversaw every detail, and the end result speaks for itself: a very compact car that weighed a mere 2400 lbs. yet could sit six (slim) adults in an interior not all that much smaller than a big Ford. Its 20-25 mpg was a huge improvement over the big cars too. No frills anywhere, and a sub $2000 price to go right up against the imports. Take that, Volkswagen!

Some have thrown aspersions at the Falcon, that it was designed to be a “disposable” car. How do you explain this fifty year old daily driver? Old Falcons are easy enough to keep running forever. Yes, the Australians decided to beef up a few suspension components after they started building it there. But Aussie roads in 1960 were hardly representative of typical American conditions. Yes, the Falcon was no more rugged or over-engineered that necessary, but that’s what McNamara rightfully deemed as the only way to eke out a profit on the Falcon. And the obstacles to that were very substantial.

Detroit’s solution until 1960 was just to sell de-contented full size cars to those looking for a cheap car. A 1959 Ford Custom cost only some 25% more than a VW, and had four times the horsepower, about twice the interior room, and about ten times the luggage space. Keep the same lines running with one basic car, and make the big profits on the options and high trim models: a recipe that Detroit was hooked on since the Model T and GM’s up-selling magic.

 

Chevrolet knew it had a problem with the Corvair within weeks of its launch in the fall of 1959. It just wasn’t selling as strongly as expected and they realized that the Falcon had the winning formula for a compact economy car. So Chevy did two things: they quickly started development of the pragmatic Chevy II. And they turned the Corvair into a sporty car, almost by accident. To promote the new coupe version, they created a spiffy one-off for the auto show circuit, giving it wire wheels, bucket seats and a few other goodies and called it “Super Monza”.

Car show attendees fell in love with it and their enthusiasm encouraged Chevrolet to rush it into a production version, the Monza coupe, available as of May, 1960. It turned out to be one of the great strokes of genius, or just good luck, as the Monza defined a new category of American car that would have a huge impact on the market. Turns out that a whole lot of new car buyers would rather buy a well-trimmed small car that was fun to drive than a big stripper that wasn’t. Why this very obvious fact had been lost on the Big Three for so long is a very good question; Nash had come that that same conclusion ten years earlier.

The Falcon sold much better than the others; in fact in 1960, Falcon sales were about equal to Corvair and Valiant sales combined (436k, vs. 250k and 194k). And in 1961, it dominated even further, with sales of 474k, some 8.3% of the market. Unfortunately there was a painful flip side to this equation: it would appear that a very large percentage of  Falcon sales came out of the hide of full-size Ford cars, whose sales went down in 1960 almost the exact same amount as the 1960 Falcon’s sales. Ouch.

Lee Iacocca knew he had a serious problem on his hands; although the Falcon sold well, the Monza was selling very briskly and unlike the Falcon, seemed to be bringing in former import owners and import intenders. New customers, in other words, and youthful ones with good income demographics. The ultimate solution was going to be a few more years off, but as a stopgap, Lee had the Falcon gussied up with brightwork, bucket seats and a console.

But no floor shifter yet; that would have to wait until 1962 when an optional UK-sourced 4-speed manual arrived, which perked things up a fair bit in terms of the Falcon’s zest along with the also-optional 101 hp 170 CID six.

 

That’s not to say that the Futura was truly sporty, by any stretch. The Falcon’s handling would never be confused with that word. It rode reasonably well enough in its effort to emulate the big cars. And due to its inherent lightness, handling was actually better than the typical big Detroit barge of the times. But that’s not saying a whole lot. It was not in the same league as the Corvair or the imports.

That’s not to say an old Falcon couldn’t be fun to drive; it was just a matter of adjusting expectations, especially if they had been honed on European cars of the time. The somewhat similar in concept Peugeot 404 that also arrived in 1960 had accurate rack and pinion steering, and a killer ride. Of course, that cost about 15% more than a Futura, and was hardly in the mainstream public’s eye.

The key to deriving any driving pleasure from a Falcon was this: avoid the automatic transmission, most especially with the small six. The two-speed Ford-O-Matic was inherently a power-sucker and sapped any semblance of response from the little six.  Teamed with the original 85 hp 144 CID (2.4 L) engine, it was an exercise in painful frustration, with the 0-60 (non)sprint taking some 23 seconds. Falcon six automatics bleated and whined and moaned their way down the road for what seemed like an eternity before they finally shifted into Hi, and then it started again, never to end until it was finally and thankfully shut off. They always sounded tortured, or at least put upon.

Their personality was quite transformed with the manual transmission, even if it was somewhat more subjective than objective  The 170 six with the stick had a semblance of direct response, and with its light weight, performance was not bad, in the context of either the times or with the appropriate point of view, today (0-60 in 17.5 seconds). Especially with a less restrictive muffler, a Falcon six with a stick gives off a pleasant little baby-growl, not unlike British sixes of similar size like the Triumph 2.5 or ? If I had my way, every automatic would wear the sad-sack 1960 grille (left), and every stick would wear the happy-go-luck 1961 grille (right).

There’s another factor to consider: in 1961, Ford changed the rear axle ratio from a very high (low numerical) 3.10:1 to a 3.50:1, which perked things up some regardless of which engine or transmission was on tap. Every little bit helps.

 

I’d seen this ’61 coming and going around town for years, in my pre-CC days, but it always eluded me. There are plenty of other Falcons around, but not a ’61 two door, the perpetual object of my mental Falcon building. My obsession for that vintage goes way back, right when the ’61 came out. I’ve always found the original ’60-’61 body style to be the most appealing, but the ’60’s grille struck me as a bit sad.

I had it all specced out in my mind: a ’61 Futura, with bucket seat and the rare four speed manual option.  That combination, with a two-barrel carb added, preferably on a swapped-in 200 six, some Koni shocks, decent tires, and the closest thing to a conventional European sedan was (sort of) in reach. Unless you were applying the same kind of attention to a Valiant, that is. We’ll play that game another time.


Old Falcon sixes of this vintage have an enthusiastic following. Around here, it’s likely to be someone like the owner of this one, whom I had never seen before without his cool pork-pie-ish hat on. Have to take it off to get one’s hair cut, though. The Falcon is an integral part of his look, as are most folks’ cars. I’m a chameleon: this Falcon would work for me, some of the time, built to my specs, but certainly not all the time. But that’s hardly the Falcon’s fault. Now if it had that hot new aluminum cylinder head that is now available…

 

Related posts:

Ford’s 021c Concept: The Falcon Reincarnated

How To Make Your Falcon Six Generate 350 HP

Curbside Classic: 1960 Corvair Monza Club Coupe – How Some Auto Show Attendees Created The Most Influential Car Of The Decade

Vintage Car Life Road Test: 1962 Ford Falcon – 144 & 170 Six, Manual & Automatic – Who’s The Slowest Falcon Of Them All?